Communication Challenge For An Organization Essay

Communication challenges can be seen within various different organizations, and generally people are involved with more than one organization. This leads to encounters with ineffective communication on a daily basis for many individuals. Throughout this paper, I am going to discuss a communication challenge for an organization that I am a part of, and an intervention plan for that communication challenge. As a student manager at one of the dining locations on the University of Wisconsin- Eau Claire’s campus, I think that communication between managers is less effective than it could be. In becoming a student manager rather than a regular student employee, I had roughly two shifts where I was trained into the differences. The regular student employees, are not informed of who is a student manager, and there is no identifier for both other employees or customers other than through verbal communication from the student manger themselves. Also, there is very little formal, organized communication between all employees and supervisors which is the communication challenge that I intend to focus on. This location of this dining establishment has a very calm, casual environment which leads to less than effective communication. Generally, the employees communicate in a way that you would with family or friends, rather than what you typically would see between coworkers and a supervisor. After becoming a student manager and through my courses in both communication and psychology,Show MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management Is Where Everything Begins And Ends For An Individual Organization819 Words   |  4 PagesHuman resources management is where everything begins and ends for an individual an organization. It’s where the total processes are created and initiated. 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Consequently, it’s where total processes are created for the organization and theRead MoreManagement Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement challenges is Elon Musk facing as he prepares SolarCity to make its own solar panels? Elon Musk faces several management challenges in preparing SolarCity to make its own solar panels. First, rather than following suit behind companies that are focusing on the â€Å"platform-only model† and doing business solely as the middleman, Musk proposes that SolarCity make their own photovoltaic panels rather than purchase them from outside suppliers. This may prove to be a bit of a challenge because SolarCityRead MoreHuman Resources Management ( Hrm )1229 Words   |  5 Pagesis people who work in an organization. The manager is a person who manages people, leads, facilitates and provide tools for the organization. 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Drawbacks of communication within the organization are evident; however, there are other components that need to be considered. This case study analysis will provide the key components that contributed to the failure of Carl’s 1st recruitment effort. This case study will also review and provide recommenda tions of the key components: Communication, Organizational Culture, and Transparency. Background * In this case, Carl Robins is facing a few challenges reaching the goals, set byRead MorePortfolio Management And Strategic Management Concepts.836 Words   |  4 Pagesaction is similar. The process between the portfolio management includes and involves the resources that list a process, which includes the evaluation, selection, and prioritization. Portfolio management and strategic management assist with the organizations missions and goals. These lay out the objective in the continuous planning and monitoring that assist with reaching the goals. Portfolio and Strategic Management A project portfolio system assists with identifying and analyzes the project throughout

The Hero Of Alexandria As A Doctor s Office Or At Home

At one time in our life, we have all had it done, at a doctor’s office or at home. While the process has gotten easier over the years, it is still intrusive. For some of us, it is a reminder of some traumatizing childhood memories, of past temperature taking techniques. In 2016, that has all changed to a non-intrusive, painless, and non-traumatizing experience with the introduction of the Withing’s â€Å"Thermo† Smart Temporal Thermometer. The word thermometer comes from the Greek words ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ µÃ ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'Ï‚, thermos, meaning hot and ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ­Ãâ€žÃ ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ½, metron, meaning measure (Wikipedia). Historically, the Hero of Alexandria has been credited by many authors, to have developed the first thermometer. Many European scientists, in the 16th 17th centuries, developed such devices. Giuseppe Biancani, Francesco Sagredo, and Santorio Santorio are to name a few. Most notably would have to be Galileo Galilei, but unlike what many people believe, he did not invent the thermometer. In actuality, he developed what was known as thermoscopes. Almost all thermometers, until that point, where unique to its inventor, without any type of standard scale. Which also was one, of a few, disadvantages. The instruments were also susceptible to air pressure, making them barometers. In 1724 a temperature scale was introduced by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. This was done because Fahrenheit produced mercury thermometers. 20 years later, Anders Celsius, introduced another scale and, as you might have guessed, gives us the twoShow MoreRelatedNursing Association : Nursing As The Profession Or Practice Of Providing Care For The Sick And Infirm2003 Words   |  9 Pagespatients, their family members, and their doctors. Jessica Sharon states that the ability to communicate allows the hospital environment to be less hectic, and it allows patients and families to transition through the healing process. Nurses are responsible for coordinating patient care provided by the various service providers in the hospital to ensure that all the needs of the patient are being met. If not for nurses, hospitals would not function properly, and doctors would have a lot more work to do.Read MoreRobotics7086 Words   |  29 Pagesare used in robotics today, as well as advancing the field of mathematics. [Robot Shop Distribution Inc., 2008] 10-70AD: The Hero of Alexandria, a Mathematician, Physicist and Engineer (10-70AD) wrote a book titled Automata (Arabic translation, or in Greek â€Å"moving itself†) which is a collection of different devices which could have been used in temples. The Hero of Alexandria designed an odometer to be mounted on a cart and measure distances traveled. Among his other inventions are a wind powered organRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pagesrealize that no one has all the answers, and that we all are struggling to cope with life as best we can. In turn, this realization makes wise people more empathetic and compassionate. They are more likely than most to follow the advice of Philo of Alexandria, â€Å"Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.† Humor’s Contribution to Wisdom The English writer G. K. Chesterton wrote that â€Å"humor not only refuses to be defined, but in a sense boasts of being indefinable; and it would commonlyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmoney From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced

Australian Business Law Principles of Contract Law

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Business Lawfor Principles of Contract Law. Answer: Issue The issue in the present case is to determine whether there is a contract formed on the account of unilateral offer extended by offeror Alan or not. Further, the next aim is to determine the contractual liabilities of Alan for the given situations. Law For the enactment of a contract, a valid offer and acceptance is required. When the offeror has extended an offer to multiple offerees, then it would be termed as unilateral offer. In this case, it is not imperative for the enactment of the contract that the offeree communicates acceptance to the offeror by any mode of communication. Any person or individuals who perform the activity or task mentioned in the offer on or before the specified time communicates acceptance leasing to the formation of an enforceable contract between the parties (Paterson, 2015). The OBrien v MGN Ltd [2001] EWCA Civ 1279 case is the witness of this aspect. Further, if the offeror wants to terminate the offer then it is essential that it must be done before the offeree or offerees have communicated acceptance by fulfilling the necessary condition. It means if the offerees have accepted the offer, then revocation of offer cannot happen. Because, the offer on behalf of the offeror is conditional promise and offerees has legal acceptance which result in the enforceability of contractual relation (Andrews, 2011). In this regards, Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1892] EWCA Civ 1 case is of particular significance. In this case, the defendant made an advertisement to public which was a unilateral offer and accepted by several offerees. However, the offeror decided to revoke the offer made in the advertisement after the offeree had performed the activity highlighted in the advertisement (Richard, 2003) . According to the decision made in this case, offeror was bound to perform the contractual duties because an enforceable contract was alread y enacted (Carter, 2012). Further, it is noteworthy that when the offeror party has made unilateral offer by selecting any particular mode of communication such as newspaper advertisement, poster or others then it is essential that the offeror must select the same mode for revoking the offer or else it would not be considered a valid revocation. It is essential that consideration must be present between the offeror and offeree then only the contract would be termed as enforceable (McKedrick, 2003). Additionally, the adequacy of consideration amount is not important as highlighted in the verdict of Chapple v Nestle [1960] AC 87 case. Application Alan the offeror runs a beauty salon named Tender Treats. He has made a unilateral offer by advertising in the local newspaper that Tender Treats would offer the manicure/pedicure at a discounted price of $15. When the advertisement was published in the newspaper, then many offerees accepted the offer and in order to gain the offer they arrived to Tender Treats. However, after seeing lots of people, Alan decided to revoke the offer. In this scenario, following cases are required to be discussed. 40 customers who mainly produced the advertisement before the notice and goes up in the window of Tender Treats are legally entered into the enforceable contract with Alan. Because, there is a legal offer made on behalf of Alan by posting the advertisement in the local news-paper and when the offerees have performed the action of arriving the salon then the acceptance towards the offer has become enforceable on Alan. Hence, Alan is liable to complete the contractual liabilities and if Alan denies fulfilling the liabilities, then the customers have the legal rights to sue Alan for breaching the contract or claim for the damages. Further, the act of Alan of posting a sign on the window of Tender Treats regarding the revocation of offer does not affect the contract because as per common law, when the offeree has accepted the offer, then the offeror cannot terminate the offer. No, 20 customers who do not have advertisement would not be able to avail the offer as it was a vital condition to be fulfilled as part of the offer that they had to carry the advertisement. Thus, without the advertisement, the acceptance of the customer is not deemed to take place and hence the Alan does not have an enforceable contract with the 20 customers not carrying advertisement. No, it cannot be demanded on behalf of the Alan because at the time of extending unilateral offer, Alan decided a consideration amount of $15 for manicure/pedicure irrespective of the fact that the normal charge of manicure/pedicure was $60. Alan has made offer with intention of promotion of salon and not to earn profit which he was aware of at the time of putting the advertisement. It is because adequacy of consideration amount is not imperative and it can be viewed in the leading Chapple v Nestle [1960] AC 87 case where a chocolate wrapper was considered a legal consideration. No, it is not correct because he made the offer and same has been accepted by the offerees and if he wants to revoke the offer, then he should use the same medium of communicating to the offerees i.e. he should place a newspaper advertisement regarding the revocation of promotional offer. In this case also, a unilateral offer is extended on behalf of Alan through making an advertisement in the newspaper and it comprises the fact that anyone who gets the manicure/pedicure from Tender Treats would surely get a date within a week. If it would not happen then Salon would do a free haircut for that person. After seeing the advertisement Jill gets the manicure/pedicure from Alan and does not get a date in one week. It is apparent the parties have entered into a contract on the account of valid unilateral offer and valid acceptance and thus, Alan has to do free haircut to Jill or else she can claim for damages. Conclusion It is apparent from the above discussion that Alan is liable to complete the contractual liabilities in all cases except when customers are not having the advertisement or else the innocent parties can sue him or claim for the damages under the provision of common law for breaching contract. Reference Paterson, J. Robertson, A. and Duke, A. (2015) Principles of Contract Law. 5th edn. Sydney: Thomson Reuters. Andrews, N. (2011) Contract Law. 3rd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Carter, J. (2012) Contract Act in Australia. 3rd edn. Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. McKendrick, E. (2003) Contract Law. 5th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Richard, S. (2003) The Modern Law of Contract. 5thedn. London: Cavendish.

Romantic Era free essay sample

The Romantic Era brought about this great change in everything from literature, ideals, and even music. The previous era was strict in laws and restraint, you could say old fashioned. Composers were coming up with new techniques such as symphonic poem and art song. During this period, composers expressed artistic freedom through experimentation and creativity, through the use of adding new instruments to orchestras, new tones, and harmonies. Two composers of this era are Frederic Chopin and Felix Mendelssohn.Frederic Chopin lived between 1810-1849 and was born in Warsaw to French parents. Chopin was considered to be a child prodigy at the piano and composing music. When referring to Romantic Music, he Is said to be one of the great masters. He pretty much wrote exclusively for the piano. By the age of 21 he had already composed several mature works such as Nocturne in E flat Major, Pop. 9, No. 2 and Etude In C Minor, Pop. We will write a custom essay sample on Romantic Era or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 10, No. 12. He developed a very technically and personal demanding style, to which most thought, no other composer could match on the piano.Felix Mendelssohn lived between 1809-1847 and was born in Germany to a prominent Jewish family. Mendelssohn was also considered to be a casual prodigy at the piano and composing music. He wrote several works including symphonies, concertos, and sonatas. He performed with an organ or a piano, and as a conductor. His talent in composing was limitless as he continued to write music in all the forms of his timeshare except Operas. Many of his famous works include the Violin Concerto, Oratorio Elijah, and the Midsummer Nights Dream overture.Mendelssohn is considered one of the most popular composers of the Romantic period. Chopin and Mendelssohn were two great composers during the Romantic Era and they have several works that continue to amaze music lovers today. It would come as no surprise to learn that perhaps they shared some similarities. Both musicians were considered child prodigies. Chopin composed two Polonaises which were said to rival Warsaw leading composers by age 7 and by age 1 1, was performing for Alexander 1 Tsar of Russia.Mendelssohn also composed works in his early years. Between 12 and 14 he wrote 12 string symphonies and had a piano quartet published at 13. Another similarity Is both men died at early ages. Chopin possibly died from tuberculosis at the age of 39, but due to lack of modern medical support it isnt clear. Mendelssohn also died early at the age of 39 due to possible exhaustion and poor health. Moving on to differences in both composers, we can go to their musical styles. Chopin had the traditionalist styles of Beethoven, Mozart and Clementine.He performed his music in the Rubout tempo. Mendelssohn works show influence by the Baroque period mostly like J. S. Bach with the tone clarity and use of counterpoint. They also had differences in their works. Chopin works were mostly for piano solo music with a few for Plano concertos or chamber music. Mendelssohn works were In the variety of symphonies, opera, concertos, chamber music, and that of a inductor and editor. In their personal lives, Chopin never married, even though he 1 OFF had 5 kids.

Big Five Personality Theory Essays

Big Five Personality Theory Essays Big Five Personality Theory Essay Big Five Personality Theory Essay Psychology refers to analyze of human head and behaviour. The chief purpose of psychological science is to derive an intricate apprehension of all and why persons behave the manner they do and what are the causes of their behaviour. The ultimate purpose is to understand a adult male in order to profit society at big. There are many theories that discuss and seek to research different facets of human behaviour. The large five personality theory has been radical and is presently the most recognized theoretical account in the scientific community. It consists of five traits – Extraversion. Agreeableness. Conscientiousness. Emotional stableness. and openness and can be remembered by acronym – Ocean. One of the best ways to entree a trait is to straight inquire a individual about the trait ( self study ) and so acquire an perceiver to corroborate the trait ( observer study ) . Me and my hubby scored me on assorted traits as detailed above individually. We scored the replies. the tonss and inside informations of each trait are as below: Extraversion: My extraversion tonss were ( 41- 41 ) . This suggests I am chatty. surpassing. seek escapade. and exhilaration. Introverted people are quiet and reserved. though some research workers have shown that introverts can be every bit gregarious in societal state of affairss as extraverts but the key is in the beginning of energy. Extroverts gain energy from societal interactions where as introverts from purdah. This is so true in my instance. I have neer been comfy being entirely. Openness: I scored ( 78-65 ) in openness. which is characterized by imaginativeness. broadmindedness. originality. Peoples low in this trait traditional. stick to acquaintance. follow tried waies. It’s true in my instance. I love challenges. seeking new things adds new dimension and significance to my life. In fact I would travel in front and state non making different things disappoints me. It is this trait that got me my fellow who is now my hubby. I guess this demand comes because I lived 22years of ritualistic and traditional life. Thankss to a rigorous male parent. Conscientious: I scored ( 33-36 ) on painstaking which is characterized by dependableness. efficiency and continuity. I love order in anything. Be it my closet. gym modus operandi. making my wash on Saturday or cleanliness of the house. Bing on clip to assignments. maintaining order in life. I believe speaks volumes about a individual and I intend to hold a positive 1. Guess. I get that trait from my male parent. He was ever prompt with measures. early for assignments even informal 1s. I did non cognize one could populate any other manner. Agreeableness: I scored 30 ( me ) -43 ( hubby ) in amenity. It is characterized by less negative emotions. like green-eyed monster. retaliation and more empathy. Peoples low in this trait expression to win statements non people. tilt more towards exhilaration and laterality. I guess my hubby sees me as being as agreeable because he himself is a agreeable individual and sees positive in others ever whereas I am more critical of myself. I am supportive of friends and household and sympathize a batch with people to an extent that I feel angry if my close 1s are insulted. But at the same clip if person does something incorrect even if it is my female parent I will non halt myself from facing her. So. I must state I agree with my mark of 30. Emotional stableness: I Scored 16 ( me ) -29 ( hubby ) in Emotional stableness. It is characterized by stableness in emotions in assorted state of affairss in life and they are unagitated. free from relentless negative feelings. Peoples evaluation low on this trait show negative emotions like choler. anxiousness. depression. low tolerance to emphasize. temper swings and pessimism. Both me and my hubby have scored me low on this graduated table. The ground is I do acquire stressed easy. Exams. major determinations in life acquire me on my nervousnesss. At those times I am a different individual – angry. non accessible and cranky. But one time I find solution to the job in my head. I instantly acquire back to being myself. I guess. I need to work on being more stable. The large 5 theory helps shed light towards formation of human personalities and why different persons exhibit different emotions and reactions when covering with different societal state of affairss. Human behavio r merely like psychological science itself is a wide forte and holding all the replies is virtually impossible. However holding different theories give countless inside informations that helps organize a bigger image of causes and variables that shape a homo. Anju Priyadarshini

Drug Addition essays

Drug Addition essays Historically, alcohol and drug dependency was viewed as a sin or a disease. In recent decades, it has been thought to be a maladaptive behavior patterns (Thombs, 1999). I believe that its a combination of three things: A disease in which people learn to act in immoral ways (Thombs, 1999). A drug is any chemical agent that affects biological function (Thombs, 1999). Some act in the brain, others in organs, and some in several parts of the body at the same time. A psychotropic drug is one that acts in the brain to alter mood, thought process, or behavior. Addictive drugs are defined by the fact that they are self-administered, without medical prescription: repeatedly, compulsively, and even self-destructively (Cohen 1989). Drugs have been classified into seven different families and each affects a different part of the brain. In the past, drug addiction was viewed as a morally reprehensive behavior that addicts could control if only they made the effort. Today, it is argued that drug a ddictions are in many ways like infectious diseases; some people are infected, but not everyone (camh.net). There are differing degrees of immunity. Susceptibility depends typically on a complex set of genetic and environmental factors, ethnicity, degree of crowding lack of sanitation, and primarily new users transmit the behavior to their peers. Millions of Americans have been trapped by a vicious, biologic phenomenon called addiction. No sane person ever started out intending to become an addict, yet millions of our neighbors are either addicted to chemicals today or may have spent years trying to free themselves from this insidious cycle. Addiction is neither bad nor good. Addiction is a complex disease that involves both biology and behavior (Goldstein 1992). This high-low trap involves the relationship between stimulation and sedation (Cohen 1989). Stimulants and sedatives t ...

Green Pastures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Green Pastures - Essay Example Currently, Green Pastures houses six children full time on location in Mountain View. The children housed there range from the ages of six to eighteen and they all have developmental disabilities. Using a four bed-room house Green Pastures is able to provide services for these six children, as well as a short-term service for parents who may need a well-deserved break. They also provide training for people who are interested in caring for children with disabilities. Green Pastures uses a unique system to help fully meet every child’s needs. Using a three-pronged individualized system, Green Pastures is able to fully customize their programs to each and every single child. Green Pastures makes a specialized schooling plan, home program, and tutoring program for each child. Parents are also asked to be as involved as possible, and are invited to spend time on center with their child, encouraged to attend any major conferences about their child, updated on any developments in their child’s goals or needs, and they also allow children to go home on weekends and holidays as often as possible. Green Pastures also has a very active community interaction program. Regular outings include picnics, trips to the zoo, horseback riding, swimming lessons, and other fun community activities. This crucial part allows the children to interact with the community, and also allows the community to see that the Green Pastures family can participate in regular everyday activities just like everybody else. In conclusion, Green Pastures is a great community with a religious background that allows children a deep connection to caring, loving people.

Causes and Consequences of Development of London City, England in Research Paper

Causes and Consequences of Development of London City, England in 1850s - Research Paper Example Europe has been a farming society, and many of the cities in this country are ruled by families of kingdoms. Many of the cities are under British colonization, and many have not yet become independent states (Spielvogel 2011, p. 132). Industrial and French Revolutions steered the expansion of the city. The paper traces the development of London City, England in 1850s and the way it altered the social, economic and political system of the London City, England. Causes that Led to Development of the London City Developed in London City, England can be traced from the period of 1750 to 1850s during the industrial and French Revolution when different changes in agriculture, transportation, social and economic changes took place. Industrial Revolution is among the major causes behind the development of London City. Gordon, Tony and Christine (2007, 56) reveal that Industrial Revolution was the main cause behind varied changes in the agricultural sector, manufacturing industries, transporta tion network system in England. Industrial Revolution led to increased trading activities within the city and outside the neighborhood. Industrialization and expansion for trading activities necessitated increased commercial trading activities. The London City developed as a business centre beginning from the Roman era. London City emerged as a metropolitan for foreigners, but it continued to develop as a government town whose resident authority impressed native British custom. The construction of transport and network communications such as the railway line became the economic stimulus that steered development. The development of the railway line connecting from the courtside to the city contributed to effective development activities in the city. The increased railways stations enabled passengers travel effectively. It also enabled people from the countryside to transport their commodities in the market effectively. The city started developing because of easy and cheap transportat ion of manufactured products and raw materials through rail shipments. This made transportation of commodities especially to large areas to become cheaper because each city has a connecting trunk line. The railway line contributed to increased immigrants into the City of London; contributing to increased population in the city. London City is the powerful financial city, and the ports construction necessitated development. Many investment companies established their headquarters in the city because of the industrialization process. The financial investment activities became the main sources for employment in London. The city exports produced commodities and imports other raw materials such as timber, petroleum and other products (Havinden and Meredith 2002, p. 34). Industries started producing varied commodities such as jewelry and clothes and consumer commodities. This made the city develop faster because it was easy for the people in the City of London to carry out their business activities effectively.2 Many changes took place especially the development of industries; thus, the city started moving from being agricultural to an industrial economy. England is one of the countries, which are well known for being among the agricultural economy in Europe. However, due to the development process, many changes took place because of the industrialization process. These changes had a profound effect in social, economic and political of the London city. The industrial revolution that began during the Great Britain in United Kingdom and spread to the Western Europe and other parts across the globe led to many changes. Havinden

Children with special needs can be cured Thesis

Children with special needs can be cured - Thesis Example mmended for the improvement that the children with special need positioned in inclusion classrooms, there is nothing more imperative than the educational benefits. According to different research studies children with developmental disabilities positioned in inclusion classrooms create immense developments in language, mental and motor development that are beyond their peers in individual education classrooms. Poor children are exposed to significantly more social and physical toxicities in the environment that cause or exacerbate chronic health conditions.  These exposures are due to the risk behaviors of their parents, other adults around them, and their living environment.  Substance use by their mothers during pregnancy; poor nutrition pre- and post-natal; exposure to second hand tobacco smoke; substandard housing with potentially increased levels of toxins. Once diagnosed with a chronic condition, poor children and their families generally have more limited access to health services, (McManus & Newacheck, 1040; Miller, 430) and often the services they receive are of lower quality.  In some places, health providers are subtly directed to limit their therapeutic time with a child covered by Medicaid because the reimbursement is too low to cover their time. Just as medical technology has prolonged more childrens lives, scientific advances have increased knowledge about treatments, equipment and technological devices designed to improve the function and quality of life of Children With Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN).  For example, early intervention services are guaranteed by law for children with or at risk of developmental disabilities as a way to maximize their potential (Ramey & Ramey, 110).  Adapted computer technology and new therapies can increase functional abilities for children with motor and sensory impairments.  However, both the increased prevalence of CSHCN and increased treatment options are occurring in the context of a national effort to

First-principles Study of Spin Transport in Si-C Nanotube

First-principles Study of Spin Transport in Si-C Nanotube First-principles study of spin transport in Si-C nanotube with ferromagnetic contacts Surendra Jalu Abstract  Ã¢â‚¬â€ We perform first-principles calculations of spin-dependent quantum transport in a two-probe device, viz. Fe-SiCNT-Fe device in which (8,0) Si-C nanotube is sandwiched between two Fe electrodes. Substantial tunnel magnetoresistance and perfect spin filtration effect are obtained. The zero bias tunnel magnetoresistance is found to be several hundred percent, it reduces monotonically till the bias voltage 0.4 V, sees marginal increase at the bias of 0.6 V, and eventually goes to nearly zero after the bias voltage of about 1 V. The spin injection factor is 100% at the zero bias, it reduces sharply to 57% at the bias of 0.4 V, and remains reasonably high, in the range of 60%-75%, after the bias voltage of 0.6 V when the magnetic configurations of two electrodes are parallel. The spin-dependent non-equilibrium transport features can be understood by analyzing microscopic details of the transmission coeà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cients. Keywords — First-principles; Tunnel magnetoresistance(TMR); Spin injection; One-dimensional; Spin filter I. Introduction Si-C crystals have unique properties, including thermal stability, chemical inertness, high thermal conductivity, and others. These properties make Si-C materials an appropriate candidate for fabricating electronic devices operating in high power, high temperature environments. Recently synthesized Si-C nanometer materials, such as nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes, have attracted tremendous interest (1-4). These materials obviously broadened the application range of the Si-C crystals, especially in fabricating nanometer gas sensors, electronic devices, field emitters and other novel devices. Silicon carbide nanotubes have a great potential for application in chemical and biological sensors (Taguchia et al 2005a; Xie et al 2007). Recently, scientists have suggested to make silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) as a possible alternative to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for field emitting applications (Taguchia et al 2005b; Alfieri and Kimoto 2010), which has boosted the interest for SiCNTs and several studies on the electronic properties of SiCNTs can be found in the literature (Mavrandonakis et al 2003; Mpourmpakis et al 2006; Larina et al 2007; Muralidharan et al 2007; Wu and Guo 2007; Lakshmi et al 2008; Moradian et al 2008; Raidongia et al 2008; Voggu et al 2008; Wu et al 2008; Manna and Pati 2010; Zheng et al 2010). It is well known that CNTs undergo a semiconductor to metal transition (SMT) (Ren et al 2009) or metal to semiconductor transition (MST) (Lu et al 2003) when deformed. Therefore, it is of interest to understand how the semiconducting (8,0) SiCNT would behave when i t is brought in contact with ferromagnetic electrodes. On account of important applications in magnetoresistive random access memory [1], programmable logic elements [2] and magnetic sensors, the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effects in systems with spin-polarized transport are at the heart of spintronics [3] and attract many theoretical and experimental investigations. A basic magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device consists of tunnel barrier separating two ferromagnetic (FM) layers which play the role of device leads. During a tunneling process, the spin-up and spin-down electrons from the metal layers traverse the nonmagnetic tunnel barrier with different Fermi wave function due to electronic structure of the ferromagnetic material. The electrical resistance of MTJ is therefore sensitive to the relative orientation of the magnetic configuration of the electrodes, resulting to a TMR [4]. Hence, the MTJs behave as spin valves [4–8]. It is possible to control the orientation of magnetic moments by imposing an external magnetic field in experiments [9,10]. It is important to note that, MgO-based MTJ has progressed at a rapid pace in recent years and produced the highest measured TMR at room temperature. When the electrodes and the tunnel barrier are all one-dimensional (1D) materials such as nanowires or nanotubes, it is experimentally feasible to achieve MTJ at the 1D scale. It is worth mentioning that Wang et al. [12] construct a 1D TMJ using Fe-doped carbon nanotubes and theoretically investigate its spin-dependent transport properties. What is a pity that, the zero bias magnetoresistance ratio is only ∠¼ 40%, which may restrict the spintronics applications in nanodevices where the large magnetoresistance ratio is desirable. Here, we theoretically investigate the spin-polarized transport of a 1D MTJ constructed by (8,0) SiCNT in contact with FM(Fe) electrodes. It is observed that (8,0) SiCNTs are semiconducting and we believe that it can be used as a tunnel barrier for 1D or molecular-scaled MTJ. In our work, We have chosen (8,0) SiCNT as the tunnel barrier and two semi-infinite FM materials, namely Fe, as electrodes. Significant TMR and perfect spin filtration effect are obt ained according to the first-principles calculations of spin-polarized quantum transport by adopting non-equilibrium Green’s function method combined with density-functional theory. TMR has already led to the construction of the present generation of magnetic data storage devices. However, in order to reach storage densities of the order of Terabit/inch2, a substantial down-scaling of the read/write devices is extensively expected. Such 1D MTJ and spin filter with diameter less than 1 nm may realize the storage densities of the order of Terabit/inch2 and hold promise for extensive spintronics applications of nanodevices. II. Model and method Our investigation is based on a recently developed self-consistent first-principles technique which combines the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green’s-function formalism (NEGF) with a self-consistent density-functional theory (DFT). The package we use is the Atomistix Toolkit [20], which incorporates the NEGF technique into the well tested SIESTA method [21] to realize the simulation of electrical or spin-polarized quantum transport in the molecular conductors under non-equilibrium situations. In the calculation, the local density approximation (LDA) in the form of the Perdew and Zunger [22] (perdew burke ernzerhof) exchange-correlation functional is used. Only valence electrons are self-consistently calculated, and the atomic cores are described by standard norm conserving pseudopotential [23]. The valence wave functions are expanded by the localized numerical (pseudo) atom orbitals [24]. The k-points sampling is 3, 3, and 200 in the x, y, and z direction, which has been proven to be enough to give the converged results. The convergence criterion for the Hamiltonian, charge density, and band-structure energy is 10-5 via the mixture of the Hamiltonian. The positions of C and Fe atoms at the interface of the device are relaxed until the force tolerance 0.05 eV/Ã… is achieved. The spin-current (spin-polarized charge current) is calculated [25] as I↑(↓) = e/h ∠« T↑(↓)(E, Vb) [F(E − ÃŽ ¼L) – F(E −  µR)] dE [R] Where F is the Fermi–Dirac distribution, ÃŽ ¼L and ÃŽ ¼R are the chemical potentials of left-electrode (L) and right-electrode (R) respectively, T↑(↓)(E, Vb) is the transmission coeà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient for spin channel ( ↑ , ↓ ) at the energy E and bias voltage Vb. While building SiCNT, it is utterly important to use optimum bond-length between Si and C atoms to obtain correct results which in our case, as mentioned in various literatures, is 1.78 Ã…. We couldn’t find the optimum bond-length between C and Fe atoms in literature but we were able to optimize a geometry that consisted of only a few atoms of Fe and C and this way we found the optimum bond-length between Fe and C atoms to be 2.04 Ã… (Fig. 4 (b)). The whole system (Fig. R) is divided into three parts from left to right in practical theoretical simulations: the left electrode, the central scattering region, and the right electrode. The left electrode and right electrode are exactly the same and are made of Fe atoms. Si-C nanotube acts as central scattering region between two electrodes. The whole structure contains 328 atoms (192 Fe, 72 C, 64 Si). 4 (a) 4 (b) Fig. 4(a) Fe-C bond-lengths in non-optimized geometry 4(b) Fe-C bond lengths in optimized geometry Fig. 4(c) Fe-SiCNT-Fe device III. results and discussions Fig. 2(a) and (b) plot the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics for the parallel magnetization configuration (PC) and the antiparallel magnetization configuration (APC) of the two electrodes, respectively. In the case of PC, the spin-up current (I↑) are always much larger than the spin-up current (I↓). The I↑ increases steeply with bias voltage especially after the bias of 0.8 V while on the other hand I↓ is almost negligibly small compared to I↑ at almost all bias voltages. The total equilibrium conductance of 0.0022G0 is found at zero bias, where G0 is the conductance quanta, G0 = 2e2/h. In the case of APC, I↑ and I↓ have almost the same values at all bias voltages. The total equilibrium conductance of 0.0095G0 is found at zero bias. From the I–V curves, we infer a TMR ratio using the common definition: TMR = (IAPC − IPC)/IAPC, where IPC and IAPC are the total currents in PC and APC, respectively. At Vb = 0 when all currents vanish, we calculate TMR using equilibrium conductance. Fig. 2(c) shows the TMR, where the RTMR ∠¼ 322% at zero bias is obtained, which indicate in the perfect tunneling magnetoresistance effect. It sharply decreases to ~ 80% at the bias voltage of 0.4 V, sees slight increase at the bias voltage of 0.6 V and gets reduced to almost zero after the bias voltage of 1 V. The TMR decrease with bias voltages because IPC increases at higher rate with bias voltages than IAPC. It is possible for TMR to assume negative value but in our case no such behavior is observed. The device structure presented here indeed has substantial TMR and could be utilized for spintronics applications. The spin-injection factor ÃŽ · which is defined by spin currents: ÃŽ · = mod(I↑ I↓) / (I↑ + I↓) are plotted in Fig. 2(d). At the bias voltage of 0.0 V, the current is 0 A and hence we use the equilibrium conductance represent current. For the case of PC, ÃŽ · is 99% at the zero bias, it monotonically reduces to 57% at the bias voltage of 0.4 and it increases and remains fairly within large values once the bias voltage goes beyond 0.4 V. The spin-injection factor ÃŽ · is as large as ~73% at the bias of 1.2 V and may even improve at higher bias voltages. For the case of APC, the ÃŽ · is meager ~49% at the zero bias. It’s dramatic that it reaches ~85% at the bias voltage of 0.2 V but then it keeps reducing with increase in bias voltages and attains very negligible values at the bias of about 1 V to 1.2 V. From Fig.R it is observed that in the case of PC the spin filtration effect manifests itself very clearly when the bias is above 0.4 V while in the case of APC no such effect is seen. The source of this behavior maybe originates from the quantum size effect which results in the quantized subbands in the cross section of 1D electrode. Detailed analysis is in the below. Spin injection into semiconductors has been measured experimentally using the optical techniques [26,27]. Such 1D TMJ contr olled spin injection into semiconductors should occur in devices that are smaller than a spin relaxation length in extent and have resistance that is limited by the insulating BNNT. The voltage dependent of spin current, TMR ratio and spin-injection factor can be understood from the behavior of the transmission coeà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cients [ T (E, Vb) ] , since the current is essentially given by the energy integral of the T (E, Vb) over the bias window [see Eq. (1)]. The T (E, Vb) for several bias are shown in Fig. 3, where the (a) and (b) are spin-up and spin- down channel of PC setup respectively and the (c) and (d) are spin-up and spin-down channel of APC setup respectively. For both PC and APC setup, these bias-depended T(E,Vb) have several sharp peaks especially after the bias of 0.35 V, due to quantized subbands in the cross section of the 1D electrodes, already mentioned above. The spin up channel contribute to the T(E,Vb) above the Fermi level and spin-down channel contribute both above and below the Fermi level. Refer to the notation from molecular transport theory [28] we can deduce that the spin-up channel conductance is through the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) while the spin-down channel conductance is through both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and LUMO of pristine (6,0) BNNT in scattering region. From Fig. 3(a), one can see that the T (E, Vb) shifts to high energy but roughly maintains its shape when bias increases. The T (E, Vb) are all almost absolutely inhibited in spin-up channels around Fermi level, while in the spin-down channel the T (E, Vb) is smooth and several orders of magnitude larger than in spin-up channel around Fermi level. This is why the I↓ linearly increases while the I↑ is inhibited under the bias of 0.75 V, already discussed above for Fig. 2(a). As the bias increases, the electrochemical potential in the left electrode (ÃŽ ¼L) is shifted down, and that in the right electrode (ÃŽ ¼R) is shifted up. Hence, the bands in the two electrodes are shifted correspondingly [29–32]. When the bias increase beyond 0.75 V, a little resonance states A1 are induced around Fermi level showed in Fig. 3(a) for the bias of 0.75, 0.95 and 1.15 V, which originate from the alignment of the LUMO of left electrode with the HOMO of right electrode in spin-up channel because the bands in the two electrodes are shifted. These resonance states significantly enhance as bias increasing, which result in the rapid increase about I↑ after the bias of 0.75 V. Consequently, the rapid increase of I↑ also leads to the rapid decrease about ÃŽ · for PC setup after 0.75 V, already discussed above for Fig. 2(c). The bias dependent T (E, Vb) for APC setup are more complex than PC setup. From Fig. 3(c), one can see that the T (E, Vb) in spin-up channel roughly maintains its shape when bias increases. A little resonance states A2 below Fermi level, which presents for the bias of 0.00 and 0.15 V are removed after the bias of 0.15 V. As the bias increase, only a little resonance states above the Fermi level enter to the transport window (i.e., the part of transmission function in the bias window integrated to obtain the current) and contribute to the I↑, which result in very slow increase of the I↑. After the bias of 0.15 V, the T (E, Vb) shifts to larger energy and large resonance states are induced around Fermi level due to the alignment of spin-down states around Fermi level of left electrode with HOMO of right electrode in spin-down channel because the bands in the two electrodes are shifted. These induced resonance states continuously enhance as bias increase, which result in r apid increase of I↓. Eventually, the total current for APC setup exceed PC setup after the bias of 0.75 V, result in negative RTMR, already discussed above for Fig. 2(c). As mentioned above, the quantum size effect leads to the quantized subbands in the cross section of 1D electrode. Hence, there are two peaks in the induced resonance states around Fermi level after the bias of 0.35 V, showed in Fig. 3(d). When T (E, Vb) continuously shifts to higher energies, these two peaks pass the Fermi level one by one, which cause the oscillation about the spin-down conductance. Thus, the spin injection factor ÃŽ · is oscillating with bias in the APC setup. IV. conclusion We theoretically investigate the spin-polarized transport properties of V atoms doped (6,0) single-wall BNNT using non-equilibrium Green’s-function formalism with a self-consistent density- functional theory. The RTMR is as high as 789% at the bias of 0.05 V. It decays to zero and eventually to negative values when bias is increased. The ratio of spin injection is not below 99% until the bias of 0.55 V when the magnetic configurations of two electrodes are parallel. When the magnetic configurations of two electrodes are antiparallel, the ratio of spin injection oscillates with the bias. Our calculations indicate that it could design perfect 1D MTJs and spin filter using TMs doped BNNTs. The perfect TMR effect and spin filter effect are obtained. References The template will number citations consecutively within brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use â€Å"Ref. [3]† or â€Å"reference [3]† except at the beginning of a sentence: â€Å"Reference [3] was the first † Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was cited. Do not put footnotes in the reference list. Use letters for table footnotes. Unless there are six authors or more give all authors’ names; do not use â€Å"et al.†. Papers that have not been published, even if they have been submitted for publication, should be cited as â€Å"unpublished† [4]. Papers that have been accepted for publication should be cited as â€Å"in press† [5]. Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [6]. G. Eason, B. Noble, and I.N. Sneddon, â€Å"On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,† Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, April 1955. (references) J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68-73. I.S. Jacobs and C.P. Bean, â€Å"Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy,† in Magnetism, vol. III, G.T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350. K. Elissa, â€Å"Title of paper if known,† unpublished. R. Nicole, â€Å"Title of paper with only first word capitalized,† J. Name Stand. Abbrev., in press. Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, â€Å"Electron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,† IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982]. M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.

Essay --

Children were made to work without pay and without their willingness; they were raped, beat, and sometimes killed if they did not work. The definition of child labor is the misuse of children in industries or businesses when it is consider illegal or inhumane. In the late 1900’s 18% of the American workers were under the age of 16. It didn’t matter their age the adults pushed them to their very limits. They had children at the age of 4 working long hard hours. They had the children working so young because they had really small hands and bodies unlike the adults with full grown bodies. Women and children were the ones to support their families because they were way tinier and able to do more than a man was able to in a factory. The ages ranged anywhere from 4 years to 21 and over. The starting age percentage back then was 49.9% and it is now 3.9%. Children 10-13 was 27.9% and is now 25.3%, 14-17 was 10.3% and is now 22.1%, 18-20 was 4.1% and is now 11.8%. These children would work up to 12 hours a day and had little to no breaks. They believed that they didn’t need breaks or that they weren’t doing as good as they were supposed to be doing so they gave those that got them minimal breaks. Some of the jobs they had to do were in dangerous places in the factories. They were in areas where there were toxic fumes and the machinery they had to run all of it was very dangerous and caused many injuries and deaths. The machinery ran so quickly that fingers, legs, and arms could have very easily gotten caught in them. The machines could have caused way more serious injuries if not treated could have infections set in or it could have caused deaths from serious blood loss. The environments that these children were in had fumes and toxins e... ...ent during this period. But the gaps that remained, particularly in the southern states, led to the decision to work for a federal child labor law. Congress passed such laws in 1916 and 1918, but the Supreme Court ended up declaring them unconstitutional. Congress did eventually pass such an amendment in 1924, but the conservative political climate of the 1920s, together with opposition from some church groups and farming organizations that feared the possible increase of federal power in areas related to children, prevented many states from ratifying it. They passed an act called the National Industrial Recovery Act to reduce the use of child labor. They also passed the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which in turn for the first time set national minimum wage and maximum hour standards for workers in interstate commerce, also placed limitations on child labor.

The New Subjects in Romantisism

During the Romantic Period there seemed to be revolution in the air. The American Revolution and the French Revolution of 1789 had a great impact on literature of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This impact can be seen throughout Romantic literature but especially in the area of new subjects. Before the 19th century authors tended to write about the aristocratic class. There was nothing written for or about the common people. There are three areas in which the discussion will focus upon in the area of new subjects. The first area will focus on the children, the second will be women, and the third will be the new attitude towards God. The Romantic period strongly emphasized the lives of children. Authors writing at that time did not just look at children playing outside but within real life situations. Writing started to be explored in the language of the common man. The topics presented by most of these writers appealed to the general public. Today, the area of children within literary works does not seem revolutionary. At this time, however, there were no writings that reflected the everyday lives of children. The first important poem in the Romantic period with regards to children is by William Blake, â€Å"The Chimney Sweep.† This poem focuses upon the tremendous abuse of children during this time. This poem portrays visions of death throughout â€Å"were all of them lock'd up in coffins of black†(Norton 31). This quote catches the reader's attention with a vision of death. These children talked of death very candidly because they died young. The sweeper almost inevitably would have died before he even knew how to live life. They worked in horrible labor conditions with no sign of relief because there were no labor laws. These children mainly died from consumption of the fumes within the shaft or by an accident. â€Å"We are Seven† by William Wordsworth refers frequently to children. This poem is told from the perspective of a seven-year-old girl. A young girl as the center of the poem would have been unheard of in earlier periods. The little girl has a brother and a sister who have died. The girl shows the reader the presence of another reality. The audience could not have understood this new reality we before the entrance of a child's perspective. The child has seven people in the family but two are dead. The little girl's reality is different than the readers. She believes her family members are with her even though they are really dead. These two poems impacted the populace to be aware of the exploitation of children and their understandings of the world. Frankenstein also addresses the concept of children in literature. Mary Shelly does it on several occasions. The first reference to children in the book is when Victor's brother is killed. Only in the Romantic Period do readers see the concept of death of children. Also on another occasion within the novel the talk centers on children migrating because of war. In earlier novels the role of children was not predominant. Another area in which the Romantic writings were opened were the writings on and by women. The most influential work would be Mary Wolstonecraft's work The Vindication of The Rights of Woman. There are many points that are brought to light within this work. Wolstonecraft calls for the education of all people, including women. She does not want to educate women for the amusement of men, but for intellectual stimuli. She tires to argue for women's education in a subtle way. She argues for the education of women to be for the betterment of the populace. Wolstonecraft tries to make the point that the education of women would be in a good light. She argues that the education of women would create stability within the home. Husbands and wives will be able to hold a substantive conversation; they will â€Å"become the friend, and not the humble dependant of her husband†(Norton 113). Wollstonecraft was able to write in this way because she herself was educated. Her relationship with her husband was one of a mutual affection not a necessity, and he was not threatened by this. Women threatened other contemporary males during this time. As seen here from a journal called Gentleman's Magazine in April 1799: In the general confusion of ideas, religious, moral, and political, we are not surprised to find claims set up for the female sex, unsupported we must say by prescription, but we are justified in saying by reason. Mrs. R. avows herself of the school of Wollstonecroft; and that is enough for all who have any regard to decency, order, or prudence, to avoid her company. She has traveled for her improvement; and what are the blessed fruits of her travels? Let the motley list of heroines subjoined to this letter, and the anecdotes of female characters, of all descriptions, interspersed in it, speak for themselves. (Randall 1) This is an illustration of how men felt at this time. This also shows that not everyone was inclined to recognize the new subjects. (The Mrs. R refers to Mary Robinson a contemporary of Wolstonecraft) One of the most intriguing works we read was â€Å"The Lady of Shalott.† This poem was in long form but it captured life in a different light. The poem depicts women looking at life only through a mirror. She watches her whole existence through the mirror, until she finally needs to see with her own eyes what has happened. The meaning of this poem can be interpreted in many ways. One way is that woman are watching the world pass them by without trying to taking part in everyday actions. Another area in which women were making their mark was writing the literature. Mary Wollstonecraft started the chain of events. She was one of the first women noticed for her writings. Her daughter Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley made great strides as a writer also at this time. These authors also made women more human. Women, not only did they cook and clean but also they even did other things. The third area to look at when addressing new subjects is God. There were many writings on the role of God before this period. The Bible being the best example tells of God the friend and God the punisher. William Blake illustrates poetry best in relation to God. The two poems that gave us the best look at, the two different versions of, God are â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger.† In these two poems Blake takes two very different views. The lamb is the traditional symbol for the flock of God. He challenges the idea of Christ the lamb with the repetitive nature. He repeatedly asks the question â€Å"who made thee?† referring to who created a creature like the lamb (Norton 29). In the â€Å"Tyger† the same question of â€Å"who made thee?† comes up (Norton 37). This vicious animal and hunter is he too one of Gods creatures. This asks the question â€Å"What king of immortal hand or eye/ could frame thy fearful symmetry?† The questioning of what kind of god made you, the lamb and tyger. Then the next question asked is â€Å"Did he who made the lamb make thee?† seemingly the answer being yes it is the same god. Blake seems to question God several times within his poetry. The next one that sticks out particularly is â€Å"The Divine Image† where he continues to question what God really is. â€Å"To mercy, Pity, Peace and Love† sets the tone for the rest of the poem. He tells of how we are all God's children so we better be good to one another. He stresses the idea of equality here. There are also two stories that come to mind when discussing God as a new subject. The first is the â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† by Samuel Colleridge. In this short story we see a man on a journey. His journey starts not at the beginning of the trip to the South Pole, but it begins when he kills a bird. He shoots it with a crossbow. The symbolism behind the crossbow may mean he killed Jesus. Then when He goes through all the pains and anguish, he is forgiven for killing one of God's creatures. The next story that comes to expresses God in the area of new subjects is Frankenstein by Mary Shelly. This novel shows God in a very different light. Victor is shown as a God because he has created a creature outside of his own blood. Victor is faced with a choice whether or not to destroy or create a new creature. The Frankenstein book looked at the idea of God in a new fashion. Shelly tries to show us that our obsessions draw great light upon us. Mary Shelley shows how our obsessions draw light upon us in two ways. If we are obsessed with doing something when it happens we are let down. The second way that obsession affects us is that if we do not do something it may kill us. There were many new subjects that were addressed by Romantic poets and authors alike in regards to new subjects. The subject area of children is still being explored today. Once the subject area of children was opened the writing world has not been the same. In the area of women Vindication came when that work was published. It did not free women but gave them rights that they had not ever had before. In the area of God there was a great deal of questioning taking place. The entrance of Darwin and its legitimization raised questions pertaining to god. These new subjects were vital to the Romantic period and every piece of writing afterward.

Strategic Management- USE The Issues Priority Matrix Analysis Case Study

Strategic Management- USE The Issues Priority Matrix Analysis Case Study Strategic Management The Chinese Fireworks Industry The Chinese fireworks industry applies venture design in its operation. The concept is related product differentiation version, which incorporates many design aspects in order to improve the perceived quality of the firework industrial products. The principle is as a result of innovative ideas on differentiation of products. In this regard, business is ideas are subjected to constructive and critical evaluation in order to come up with reliable venture designs for products. The main aim of establishment of venture design in the fireworks industry is to capture the attention of many customers. The concept is relevant especially when some firework products are rejected in the market place because of being obsolete or poor quality. Research on customers is done in order to establish the effect of the new approach on the customer base. In case there is a market, which can serve as an expanded market, the implementation of the concept will be easy. There a n eed to carry out a cost-profit analysis during the production of the product. The move will help in cushioning the business against making loss. The market with the product, which has been subjected to designing is sold, ought to be large. Large markets have many customers from diverse walks of life. In this respect, the products will be bought by many people. The product designer also ought to be sure of the business idea. The customer should be the major focus of the whole exercise. The product designer should focus on customer satisfaction before commencing on the activity. The entrepreneur should focus on the emotional, social, and financial needs of the customer. The new venture design is boost by the uniqueness of the venture. Anew product design is bound to interest many people in the business realm. Consequently, many people will be fond of the product designing because of the revenue motivation involved in the business. A feasibility study is also crucial because it will re veal the prospects of business idea. The product designer ought to identify the specific target customers of the business idea. The need for the creation of the business side of product design must be established in order to make informed plans.Referencefile:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/1078081_external_analysis_case%20(1).pdf

Themes and Issues in The Giver Essays

Themes and Issues in The Giver Essays Themes and Issues in The Giver Essay Themes and Issues in The Giver Essay Essay Topic: The Giver Being a Utopian society is every nation’s goal. Jonas’s society managed to create a utopian society, but only in the minds of the residents. The big picture, if understood properly, shows a dystopia that is about to fail miserably.The possibilities of a utopia becoming a dystopia are extremely high. There are a variety of ways this can occur. If through science and technology, we gained the ability to master nature and our environment and eliminate disease and hunger, a variety of possibilities open up. Mastering nature and the environment might have a positive effect, but eliminating disease and hunger may eventually have a very negative effect. Utopian societies are very interesting places, each with its own chances, and each with its own defeats and downfalls. The society in The Giver is arguably both a utopian and dystopian society for a variety of reasons. Jonas’s community is a utopia because everything seems perfect. There are no criminals or war. In fact, in Jonas’s community there isn’t even a police department, and frankly, they don’t need it. In Jonas’s community, there is also no form of poverty or homelessness. Overall, with the average being residing in the community sees the community as a utopia, sees it as a place without errors. That would be true UNTIL THEY SAW THE BIG PICTURE. In many more ways, Jonas’s community is also a dystopia. They have a method known as release, which is the a method to end a being’s life. No one in the community knows what this really is, not even the people that administer it! This is because they don’t know what dying is, or what it means to murder. Another way Jonas’s community is a dystopia is that they don’t have a history. No one ever takes note of historic events. Any reader could assume that the community hasn’t changed for centuries. Frankly, it hasn’t even mentioned a research/developmental structures in the society. It doesn’t even mention scientists

Learning and development in the workplace Essay

Learning and development in the workplace - Essay Example It has become a collaborated effort between the employer and the employee where they go through the learning process together so as to maximise the effects of the existing skills and competences. This paper will consider some flexible learning strategies that enhance the concept of workplace learning and development with short case studies as examples. Personal Development Plan Personal planning is approached by people differently based on the differences that individuals exhibit. Personal planning requires a great deal of individual effort for it to be effective. Not many people in the workplaces pay attention to developing personal plans despite being aware of their immense benefit toward personal development. In the workplace many employees feel that in developing a personal plan they are just but showing what the employer wants to see and term it as hypocritical or fail to see its value. Other employees who understand the benefits tend to take it pretty seriously. Personal develo pment plans are actually the efforts that one put in place aiming at tracking their education and performance paths. These plans assist an employee in developing their career path better. This plan includes events and benchmarks along a career path which may be long or short term depending on the goals to be achieved therein (Makinson 2001). This development plan usually encompasses learning as one works towards set goals and objectives. Personally I take a Personal Development Plan as an avenue through which am able to know myself better. A plan streamlines daily activities and compresses them within a specified timeframe. As such personal discipline is cultivated which enables one to easily surpass their initial targets on performance or even learning. PDP allows one to uncover their underlying strengths and weaknesses which in the past acted as major hindrances to efficiency and general performance at work (Rughani 2001). Personal development plans offer one a chance to evaluate performance in relation to the set targets. When this is done an individual employee is able to engage in corrective measures that include further training, acquiring of new skills while developing existing ones and acquisition of more knowledge and competence to perform various tasks at the workplace. A PDP outlines the timeframe within which achievements are to be made. As such one is able to know with certainty how far they have gone with the plan, how effective it has been and the timeframe left together with what remains pending (Cottrell 2003). This way an individual is able to analyse clearly the skills, knowledge and competences they have acquired and compare this with the set targets. One of the most important benefits of the PDP is the realisation of the skills and knowledge needed to attain unachieved objectives which in turn make an employee to develop themselves towards their attainment (Clifford & Thorpe 2007). Use of PDP is a sure way of identifying how one is learnin g and whether this process is bearing any fruits. It does that by offering evidence that is vital in analysing the required knowledge and skills in ultimately achieving particular objectives. This brings in the need for goals to follow the SMART model which stipulates that goals have to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-based (Cottrell 2003). An individual following a laid out PDP needs to constantly evaluate the viability of their goals in respect to the elements of this model as failure to do so

Residency Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Residency Change - Essay Example I wish to change my resident student status as my parents have now moved to West Virginia and would prefer me to stay with them. We are very close knit family and my mother, being of delicate health, would be mentally relaxed if I could continue my education from local academic college or University. The multicultural environment of the state is also strong motivating factor that I believe would help me and my family to acculturize more easily within the mainstream society. I also believe that the University of West Virginia promotes the concept of constructive ideologies and proactive participation of the students from diverse backgrounds, in forging better understanding of evolving socio-economic and environmental dynamics. Indeed, it not only offers excellent academic programs but also huge opportunities for personal growth. Hence, change of student residency would considerably help me to be with my family and also help me achieve state of the art

PEST Analysis on UK Fixed Line Telecommunication industry Essay

PEST Analysis on UK Fixed Line Telecommunication industry - Essay Example As and when this happens, BT will be superiorly poised to leverage its huge infrastructure to add to its revenues. (Prodhan G. and Biilingham E., 2009) Just like any other market, the UK market has two distinct group of consumers; business consumers residing in metropolitan cities who subscribed to high value services, and the vast mass market spread all over the country who are unwilling/unable to pay a premium for high value services. While BT has been able to obtain a legal ruling against imposition of Universal Service Obligation that would have required it to offer fixed-line connectivity to all UK households, any future imposition of similar clauses by the British Government may severely affect its profitability. (Giles C., n.d.) However, the government also believes that Internet connectivity is core to the growth of the economy and given the severe recessionary conditions now, the government may decide to give a major thrust in increasing Internet connectivity. This may turn out to be a major boost to BT’s fixed line business. (Holton K. and Prodhan G., January 2009) Additionally, it has been indicated that BT will be free to have its own pricing strategy for the 21CN supper fast broad band network. This will help BT increase its profitability. (Parker A. and Fenton B., February 2009) UK has a very stable and matured economy that has little scope for a rapid growth. While the national GDP in 2008 was about 1.8 trillion GBP, the growth rate of the economy in 2008 over 2007 was about 3%. The present crisis has hit the economy hard, and the UK economy is expected to shrink by as much as 2%. (UK output, income and expenditure 4th quarter 2008, February 2009). However, the government has responded by cutting VAT by 250 percentage points, from 17.5 to 15%. If BT can pass this benefit to the end users, it can expect to negate a part of the decline of business due to recession. Additionally,

Airframe by Michael Crichton Essay Example for Free

Airframe by Michael Crichton Essay Michael Crichton’s 1996 literary work takes its audience into a flight adventure of suspense with a dash of humor. As the title suggests, Crichton’s audience might deduce a frame which could be found in the air. In more accurate terms, speculate about the structure of a plane. As the audience read’s it, this deduction is further strengthened with the illustration of a plane â€Å"accident† that results to an investigation on the quality on a Norton Aircraft-manufactured N-22, followed by media frenzy. For some, the event of an airplane accident which eventually results to tedious and cumbersome investigation is quite uninteresting and dull. However, readers of this book are still compelled to continuously read it because of the twists, thought-provoking exploration of a plane’s structure, high tension issues and jitters. Moreover, Michael Crichton’s style and themes informs and teaches several factual issues and concerns to its audience while entertaining them. By looking into the history and flight events, it can be said that Michael Crichton’s accounted problems in his book indeed portray real-life scenarios. Michael Crichton’s novel starts at the Transpacific Airlines flight 545, said to be a Hong Kong based transportation. In addition to this, it was also illustrated that the plane, as mentioned before, a Norton Aircraft-manufactured N-22, that is expected to arrive at Denver. However, severe turbulences occur at the California Coastline, resulting to an emergency landing at the Los Angeles airport. From the pilot’s report on the status inside the plane, there were already several injured passengers and two dead passengers. The dilemma rises from the fact, as the book states, that the plain’s history never showed or experienced poor safety record or performance. In addition to this, the pilot who was maneuvering the plane was highly trained, which takes the possibilities of human error out of the question. As such, the story tediously proceeds and revolves around the investigation regarding this â€Å"anomaly† on the plane’s condition or on the question of its safety records, and generally about how the whole incident happened. In this novel, the aircraft manufacturers in this novel responded in a way that imitates what â€Å"real† aircraft manufacturers would show or usually do after such accidents. There are cases where manufacturers are held liable or not liable to certain accidents by the jury. If the jury was impressed with the overall save rate, the manufacturer is not considered liable, resulting to the acknowledgment of the whole design utility being optimized for the majority to the detriment of a few. On the contrary, if the jury would inspect the high-speed aspects of risk in contrasts to the high-speed save rate, the manufacturer can be considered liable. As such, it is â€Å"factual† or logical that manufacturers would react in ways that Crichton describes it. On the other hand, the actions or events which follow the media hype on the airplane accident seem exaggerated, though again, convincingly true. Several scenes or illustrations regarding the media generally show that they tend to scrutinize whatever links they find regarding a certain topic which could boost their ratings. In addition to this, there is generally a persistence of the media crowd to grab whatever fact they could get a hold on to, and sometimes create stories to build or form the bits of information that they have into a persuasive story, which can either be true or partly-true. In his accounts of both the airplane problems, media and manufacturer investigations there are convincing facts which are laid to the audience by the author. In addition this are critical observations which shows Crichton’s style and manufactured tensions that keeps his readers stuck on the book, without boring their selves (just like what I felt). Crichton is like giving an ice cream, with a sprinkle of reality and fiction, mounted on a cone, coated with information and served in a plate garnished with humor that definitely keeps its audience from wanting more. References Crichton, Michael. (1996). Airframe. Alfred Knopf Publishers.

Danielle Steels The Ring - A Thin Line Between Fiction and Reality :: Danielle Steel Ring Essays

Danielle Steel's The Ring - A Thin Line Between Fiction and Reality Fiction can be considered something invented by the imagination. Although many people might feel that fiction is totally exclusive of reality, I believe that there is a very thin line between fiction and reality. This is proved in Danielle Steel's The Ring, where she has used common characters and placed them in realistic situations, facing everyday realistic issues. The Ring gives the reader a sense of realism in a fictitious novel. In fact, Danielle Steel does a really good job, portraying the characters in realistic situations such as Kassandra dealing with her affair, Walmar acting as an overprotective father to Ariana and Gerhard, and Ariana struggling to find her family. All these characters have been intertwined in a real historical setting that has, to some extent, led to their dilemmas. Kassandra's affair with Dolff is a result of being married to an elderly man, Walmar, in an arranged marriage. While Kassandra's affair cannot be justified, it is dealt with realistically as many women might engage in a similar activity under the given circumstances. These circumstances are best described by Danielle Steel, as follows, "Her assistance wasn't needed, her help, or her love, or her time" (20). There is no doubt that some women in her place would have an affair to feel special, important, and needed. And that is exactly how Dolff has made her feel. Danielle Steel confirms, "And with Dolff, Kassandra had found what she had always so desperately needed, someone who understood the odd meanderings of her soul, the longings, the fragmented pieces, the rebelliousness against the lonely restrictions of her world" (12). While this affair may seem immoral and wrong, it presents a realistic state that many people, both men and women can relate to, as seen in the movie version. Even the brutal murder of Dolff by the Nazis and Kassandra’s suicide are realistic consequences foreshadowed in Walmar’s earlier warning to Kassandra to stop the affair. Walmar also plays a pivotal part in The Ring, and just like Kassandra, he has been placed in some harsh and realistic circumstances as an overprotective father. Walmar has grown more attached to his children, Ariana and Gerhard, after his wife’s suicide. Just like any father, Walmar wants to protect his children from anything and everything, after losing their mother.

Coca-Cola Essay

Coke has been the leader in the soft drink industry for decades. Coke has a strong customer loyalty base, while appealing to new customers through effective marketing. In recent years, the soft drink industry has changed with consumers becoming more health conscious. With the consumer market changing, soft drink sales have dropped and the demand for healthy drinks are in demand. To be able to make up the difference of the drop in sales, Coca-Cola needed to come up with some innovative new products and marketing strategies that would appeal to a new market of the beverage industry. In the last decade, PepsiCo. has gained leverage on Coca-Cola, because Pepsi made beverages that appealed to the changing consumer market. In two thousand-four, Pepsi owned fifty-two point three percent of the market in China after Coke produced a plant there (SinoCast, 2004). Coca-Cola has faced struggles in the past decade due to the lack of effective marketing and new product development. The individuals that were making the decisions for Coca-Cola were focusing on their best seller Coke and Diet Coke, and discovered that two products were not enough to keep the corporation running. When using the PESTEL analysis, the first key component is to do an environmental scan (Finch, 2012). PESTEL is an acronym known as the six environmental factors which are the framework (Finch, 2012). The six environmental factors are political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (Finch, 2012). The PESTEL analysis is based upon understanding forces and trends and can pertain to any given industry (Finch, 2012). Coca-Cola did not do any environmental scan, and solely relied upon the traditional beverages and marketing that Coca-Cola had always used. oke 2. PepsiCo not only began to distribute health conscious beverages, such as juices, teas, coffees, and water they also began distributing snack foods. PepsiCo has even implemented a relationship with schools which incorporates responsible advertising practices, like offering healthy foods and beverages. PepsiCo also became a member of the International Food & Beverage Alliance, which has to be met by certain stan dards in food and beverage distribution. The proper execution of the PESTEL analysis is a tool that would give PepsiCo an advantage as it delves in market penetration, market development, and product development. The PESTEL analysis would confirm market trends, and internal and external factors, which would allow the organization to do more specific research and create the ability to make adjustments in order to reflect a gain in the industry. The PESTEL analysis is the answer as to how PepsiCo had the ability to act on a changing market and fully benefit from the changing market. A decade ago Coca-Cola began its struggle in the beverage industry, when reality hit Coca-Cola made adjustments, offered new products and adapted to the market. Five years from now, Coca-Cola has to remain competitive by changing with the market, and producing products that appeal to the current consumer interest. Not only will Coca-Cola have to be creative with products, marketing is also another challenge. Marketing has changed with technological advances, today marketing is more than a television commercial, or a billboard there are now various channels and strategies in hich to reach and appeal to consumers. Coca-Cola is known for sticking to traditional marketing and product, which has eventually put them behind their competitor. Technology is utilized in many different forms and will continue to increase as technology is an ever changing industry. Technology is a tool that should be utilized it can be cost effective and reach a new market segment. The weakness of the beverage industry is that consumers continue to become more health conscious, even down to the ingredients that make the food or beverage they are consuming. There have been studies done that lead researchers to believe that aspartame causes cancer. There are studies that lead researchers to believe that Splenda in large and prolonged quantities can also lead to cancer. These ingredients are commonly used in different types of beverages that are distributed by various companies. With the recent studies of various ingredients, the government controls food and beverage production which also means that everything has to be made public knowledge (on a label). The strengths are that of which Coca-Cola has the ability to produce beverages that appeal to the health conscious consumer. The investment into new products will allow Coca-Cola to remain competitive and appeal to new consumers as well. Along with new beverages, Coca-Cola should also explore new avenues in to growing markets and invest in them. With the financial power that Coca-Cola the investment to tap into new frontiers. There are many opportunities for growth given that marketing and product development are the focus of the future of the company. oke 4. The future of Coca-Cola relies upon the decision to continually evaluate the six major factors into success and future success of any business. Frequent environmental scanning is necessary to execute the analysis of how and what changes need to be made. With the constant adjustments to product development and marketing strategies in place to accompany the changing times, it enables the best utilizations of products and marketing.

Principle Underpinning the Role of the Practitioner Working

The benefits of developing reflective practice within a childcare setting is the key to quality improvement as it helps practitioners to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different aspects of skills and progress within the settings provision. It involves thinking about how you currently work to reflect to see if it can be done in a different way in order to improve your practise. Practitioners will be taking various observations of children to see if they’re meeting their norms, then practitioners will look to see where their weaknesses are in their developments, and how they are learning.They will reflect how they are planning to see if they can change it to increase the children’s development to make the child meet their norms in their weaknesses. Some children might need to be involved with multi-agency teams, practitioners then need to associate and create a meeting about the child to asses there needs to make an arrangement to meet there need by co-operating with the multi-agency teams. Practitioner could use the children strengths for example, numeracy (counting) so therefore they could put number shapes on the dough table to attract the child to increase their fine-motor skills.Practitioners then can adjust the planning to meet the child’s needs, by implementing and linking it to the national curriculum which is Early Years Foundation Stage. Reflective practice benefits the adults by communicating, thinking of new ideas, building positive relationships, being able to see how children are progressing, improving knowledge and improving skills when working with children. Reflective practice benefits the setting by building relationships between staff, it will make the setting a happier place, creates a positive atmosphere, safe environment and it will make you enjoy your work and make you want to be there.

How does Shakespeare use language in Hamlet to teach the reader valuable lessons in life Essays

How does Shakespeare use language in Hamlet to teach the reader valuable lessons in life Essays How does Shakespeare use language in Hamlet to teach the reader valuable lessons in life Paper How does Shakespeare use language in Hamlet to teach the reader valuable lessons in life Paper Hamlet is written during the Elizabethan period . The tragedy , Hamlet was written at a time of intellectual and political controversy . Hamlets popularity is global and it is one of Shakespeares frequently performed plays. Hamlets popularity is due to its artistic exuberance, rich and varied incidents, characters and language. Shakespeare has deep insight into human nature and can intrigue and excite the reader or the audience . Shakespeares plays are written specially to be acted on the stage . Performances took place in the open air and spectators were seated all around the stage. Shakespeare richly depicts his interest in his own profession . Obvious examples include the players and the play-within-a-play to reveal Claudiuss guilt resonates with the language and the imagery of the theatre . Shakespeares Tragedy Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is based on a 12th century tale by Saxo Grammaticus, which Shakespeare most certainly never saw, and is part of a spate of revenge dramas which were extremely popular around the turn of the seventeenth century. Hamlet was written in the 17th Century . In Elizabethan times revenge was taught to be noble and man made . According to the Elizabethans there could only be order only if man could control his passions . During the Elizabethan times elevated passages reflected philosophical thoughts . These thoughts were often spoken in verse . Rhyme was also used to convey the anxiety and passion . There was no real scenery and so setting was created through magic words . In Elizabethan times tragedy only occurred when the person was initially good and there is some tragic flaw in him which leads to his downfall . Shakespeare has cleverly used soliloquies in his plays to express the characters feelings in that situation. Using soliloquy was a literary tradition used in the olden plays to make all the readers be engrossed in the play and so that they can get in to the most possible depth and understand the hidden meaning . A kind of inner debate is portrayed through the use of soliloquies. The reader is able to gain direct experience of Hamlets inner world. to be or not to be The complexity of his thoughts and ambiguity of his actions appear life like . His intellectual energy and alertness made the action more comprehensible. Shakespeares language complexes the reader but it has deep meaning in them . He uses similes and metaphors that are the lifeblood in all his plays . In Hamlet imagery has been used, descriptive style has been used through out the play . The language used by Shakespeare is full of variety , sometimes enigmatic . Shakespeare genius and mastery of language helped the reader to appreciate Hamlets inner turmoil and to share his trauma . This play is a family drama and since we are all family members, it sustains our interest . The focus is on family relationships like brother , sister ,father and son, daughter and mother, etc . We also understand the importance of friendship , In this play in the 1ST Act the reader is informed that the King of Denmark was murdered by His own brother Claudius . Claudius wanted to rule Denmark and so fulfilled his greed by murdering his own brother . Shakespeare also includes super natural element his fathers ghost . His fathers ghost commands him to take his revenge. So this play depicts the sons turmoil and how he delays to take his actions. To obey our parents is the primary duty of each and every child . A child is been taught till today in school that he should always respect his elders and obey them as they will be successful in their lives if they are obedient and can also pass this on to the next generation . Shakespeare conveys the lesson of being obedient through many ways . One of the ways is when Leartes warns Ophelia about Hamlet . A violet in the youth of primary nature , Forward not permanent , sweet, not lasting. The inward service of the mind and soul Grows wide withal . In this case colours have been created here through the words violet . Images of the spring season have been created . Shakespeare uses this phrase as it was proverbial as well as associated with love . This is one of the ways Shakespeare involved the reader in the play . Adjectives have also been used in this line sweet . All this is done to create an image in the readers eyes . These lines emphasizes that Hamlets love was short lived and not lasting because as Hamlet grew up he became wiser . The words youth of primary nature emphasizes that love is youthful and not long-lasting. Leartes also cautions Ophelia His greatness weighed , his will is not his own For he himself is subject to his birth For on his choice depends The safety and the wealth of this whole state. Leartes makes Ophelia aware that as he is the king he has to please everyone . Hamlet cant choose to marry because he is the prince and he has to marry in the interest of the state. Leartes is a typical protective brother as he warns her of Hamlet. We learn from this the relationship of the brother and sister . He also says Fear it Ophelia , fear it my dear sister. And keep you in the rear of your affection Out of the shot and danger of desire This line tells the reader that Leartes warns her that Hamlet might take advantage of her innocence . Shakespeare cleverly uses images of treasure , war , masks and disease as sexual metaphors when Leartes warns his sister against losing her virginity to Hamlet or lose your heart or your chaste treasure open to this unmastered opportunity . This is a lesson to the reader that he should always listen to his elders as they are more experienced and know more than us . Polonius even warns Ophelia about Hamlet and this part even shows us the importance of being obedient and always listening to our elders . Shakespeare has used a variety of language techniques here to make the reader learn valuable lesson about obedience . Shakespeare begins with a Rhetorical Question . What is between you ? Give me up the truth . Polonius too warns Ophelia to stay away from Hamlet as he could deceive her at any moment and as he was the king his primary duty was to look after the needs of the people . Shakespeare also uses a simile . Affection ? pooh ! You speak like a green girl . A green girl is a girl who is inexperienced . So Shakespeare uses this to compare Ophelia to an inexperienced girl . This word green refers to the reader as he too is inexperienced and he should always listen to his elders . Shakespeare creates stunning imagery which helps the reader visualize the situation . Or not to crack the wind of the poor phrase The image is of a horse or over exertion of a hound which will get the stitch . Shakespeare has used strong comparisons . Ay, springs to catch woodcocks Wood cock was a foolish bird that fell into snares . So in this case he compares Ophelia to a woodcock . When the blood burns , how prodigal the soul Lends the tongue vows He tells her that in youth any body will say anything , but it is up to her that she should not believe them set your entreatments at a higher rate Than a command to parle Polonius tells her that she should have her own dignity. Its very important for a person to have his or her dignity because others will respect him / her . She should also be at a commanding position. for Lord hamlet , Believe so much in him that he is young, Do not believe his vows . For they are brokers. He warns Ophelia that she should be careful of Hamlet as he could take advantage of her innocence . In this case Shakespeare uses comparison again . This time he compares Hamlet to brokers . I appreciate his comparison as Polonius was confident that Hamlet would break her daughters heart and all the vows and promises they had taken . Ophelia unwillingly acknowledges her father and replies I shall obey my lord . I appreciate her courage as she is ready to sacrifice her love and submits herself to her fathers instructions . There is one more character who shows the reader that he is loyal to his father . That is Hamlet . In Act 1 scene 5 Shakespeare has made use of supernatural elements his fathers ghost. His father commanded him to take revenge against the serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears the crown He promised his father that he will take revenge. Hamlet was in a state of confusion whether or not take the revenge . He knew that it taking away a persons life was not in his hands , it was all on All Mighty . His conscience prevented him to do such a devious thing. Still he took revenge to show the reader that he obeys his father. Another way we know about his obedience is when his fathers ghost tells him Taint not thy mind , nor let my soul contrive Against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven. His fathers ghost commanded him to leave his mother alone to the heaven. When he had a conversation with his mother , he never harmed her but persuaded her to introspect herself. He also forced her to confess that she was responsible for his fathers death. Confess yourself to heaven. Friendship is an in-depth relationship combining trust, support, communication, loyalty, understanding, empathy, and intimacy. In friendship trust lies on each other and they share their feelings with each other . One lesson which we learn is about friendship . Shakespeare has conveyed this lesson for the reader through many ways . One of the way is through Leartes and Polonius . In this situation Leartes is departing to France and Polonius instructs him about what kind of friends he should have . These instructions resembles of a typical father who advices his son when he goes out for future studies . The first thing Polonius tells him The wind sits in the shoulder of your sail . Shakespeare uses stunning language techniques when he portrays some very valuable lessons which could be applied in our lives. He makes use of Personification here . Polonius tries to tell Leartes that nature is favoring him that he should go out of the country to study . Shakespeare gives the wind the quality to sit . look thou character. Give thy thoughts no tongue. This line emphasizes that a person should think before he / she speak because if you dont think the other person might have a wrong impression about you . This is a lesson for the reader that he should think before he speaks . Be thou familiar , but by no means vulgar. Those friends thou hast and their adoption to them Grapple them unto thy soul with hoops of steel Harsh words have been used by Shakespeare vulgar. Shakespeare has used harsh words so that the reader learns that a person should not be rude in friendship and you should not offend your friends as they are an integral part of your life . This line conveys the message that we should be pleasant in our friendship when dealing with others and that we should not become cheap with the common people . The 2nd sentence teaches the reader that we should not be overfriendly with someone as there could be disagreements between friends . But do not dull thy palm with entertainment . Negative words like dull have been used to emphasize on the point that your friendship should not be meaningless . We should also be very selective while choosing our friends. We should not be with bad company but with true friends who will help us out . So we should only shake our hands with those people who are our true friends . This is again a lesson for the reader. be aware of entrance to quarrel . but being in beart that th opposed may be aware of thee . Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice Take each mans censure , but reserve thy judgement Harsh words like quarrel used by Shakespeare to depict the fact that in friendship there should be no fights. Words like beware used to caution the reader that quarrel should not exists in friendship . In the 2nd quote the line emphasizes that a man should always listen more and talk less. Another lesson it tells the reader that he should take advice from other people . At last Shakespeare has also used a simile And it must follow , as the night the day . Shakespeares compares that just as the day follows the night , Leartes should also follow the instructions given to him . I appreciate his use of similes , comparisons as they help the reader to visualize the situation . The other characters that depict the importance of friendship are Horatio and Hamlet . Horatio was Hamlets close friend . A friend is whom we share our feelings and they are the ones who give us suggestions if we are facing any crisis . Horatio also warns Hamlet when he was following a ghost : Do not my lord What if it tempt you toward the flood , my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff Horatio warns him that he should not believe in hallucinations as it could harm him or drive him into madness . This shows his concern for his friend. Horatio used to support Hamlet at every ups and downs . A friend is someone who we can trust up on. Horatio was worthy to be trusted by Hamlet . The reader knows about it in the 1st Act when Hamlet tells them to swear that they wont tell anything about the ghost. Ay by heaven my lord . Horatio kept his secret and till the end he did not tell it to anyone. Hamlet used to admire Hamlet and he shows his admiration as a true friend . Hamlet tells Horatio about friendship and tells him to support him. He tells Horatio For what advancement may I hope from thee , That no revenge hast but thy good spirits Shakespeare has used adjectives while teaching us valuable lessons in life so that its descriptive and it captures the readers attention. good spirits. Hamlet tells to Horatio that he should be friendly with him and not betray him in any way or the other . Hamlet also shares his inner conflict with Horatio. He tells Him Sir in my heart there was a kind of fighting- This shows true friendship as Hamlet shares his emotional disturbance with Horatio as he feel secured with him . Harsh words have been used by Shakespeare fighting to depict Hamlets inner disturbance . Shakespeare has also used characters who dont value friendship at all they are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern . They are a contrast to Hamlet and Horatios friendship . They are the ones who try to deceive Hamlet but failed . They were sent by the King to find about the reason for his madness . Hamlet wanted a friend who would be true to him and not deceive him . By what more dear a better prosper can charge your withal . Shakespeare uses simile to compares those characters who did not value friendship- Rosencrantz and Guildenstern He keeps them like an ape an apple . He compares these two to an apple kept so that the King could extract all information from them . The reader also learns the importance of prayer . Prayer is very necessary as we should thank God for all we have . We should also confess to God if we have done something wrong . Claudius is guilty of what he has done and confesses to God . Poetic language used by Shakespeare to show that Claudius was really guilty To wash it white as snow? Where to serves mercy But to confront the visage of offence? He has used similes white as snow . He wants God to wash away all his sins completely . What then ? What rests? What it can it not Shakespeare has used Rhetorical Questions in the play to depict the reader that his state of mind was in confusion . Imagery has been created through Shakespeares choice of words heart with strings of steel The reader imagines his heart strings have hardened to steel as a result of the crime . Introspection is necessary as a person would be able to find out whether was he correct or wrong . It was a literary tradition to convey the character of the person . This above all :to thine own self be true . This is the most important line as it portrays that whatever we do , we should be answerable to conscience . If we do something superior than we will be able to answer our conscience and will not be ashamed of what we have done. In Hamlet Shakespeare has used Soliloquy to tell us about the characters feelings at that time and this helps us to judge the character of Hamlet. o what a rogue am I Hamlet humiliates himself . He also asks himself questions am I coward? who calls me villain? He condemns himself for not taking any action against Claudius . why , what an ass am I. Shakespeare has used rhetorical questions which depict the reader the state of confusion he was in and the inner conflict he was facing at that situation. Hamlet asks himself many questions through out the play. to be or not to be- Hamlet was wondering to take the revenge or not. This is an important lesson to the reader that he should ask himself a string of questions to test whether he was right or wrong .